焦化發(fā)電機(jī)組作為焦化行業(yè)能源回收利用的關(guān)鍵設(shè)備，其運(yùn)行依賴于焦化生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的可燃?xì)怏w，這些氣體既是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的副產(chǎn)品，也是清潔高效的能源，通過發(fā)電機(jī)組轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，實現(xiàn)了 “變廢為寶” 的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式。了解其原料特性與應(yīng)用方式，對優(yōu)化發(fā)電機(jī)組運(yùn)行效率、降低能源消耗具有重要意義。

　　As a key equipment for energy recovery and utilization in the coking industry, the operation of coking power generation units relies on the combustible gases generated during the coking production process. These gases are not only by-products of industrial production, but also clean and efficient energy. By converting them into electrical energy through power generation units, the circular economy model of "turning waste into treasure" is achieved. Understanding its raw material characteristics and application methods is of great significance for optimizing the operating efficiency of power generation units and reducing energy consumption.

　　焦?fàn)t煤氣是焦化發(fā)電機(jī)組最核心的原料。在煉焦過程中，煤炭在高溫?zé)o氧環(huán)境下干餾，會產(chǎn)生大量混合氣體，即焦?fàn)t煤氣，其主要成分為氫氣、甲烷，還含有少量一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氮?dú)獾?。焦?fàn)t煤氣具有較高的熱值，燃燒后能釋放大量熱能，驅(qū)動發(fā)電機(jī)組的內(nèi)燃機(jī)或燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。過去，部分焦化企業(yè)將焦?fàn)t煤氣直接點(diǎn)燃放空，不僅浪費(fèi)能源，還因燃燒不充分排放一氧化碳、苯系物等污染物。如今，焦?fàn)t煤氣經(jīng)凈化處理（去除焦油、萘、硫化氫等雜質(zhì)）后送入發(fā)電機(jī)組，每立方米焦?fàn)t煤氣可發(fā)電約一定千瓦時，一套中等規(guī)模的焦化發(fā)電機(jī)組，年發(fā)電量可達(dá)數(shù)千萬千瓦時，能滿足焦化廠約一定比例的生產(chǎn)用電需求。

　　Coke oven gas is the most essential raw material for coking power generation units. In the coking process, coal carbonization under high temperature and oxygen free environment will produce a large amount of mixed gas, namely coke oven gas, which is mainly composed of hydrogen, methane, and a small amount of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, etc. Coke oven gas has a high calorific value and can release a large amount of heat energy after combustion, driving the internal combustion engine or gas turbine of the generator set to operate. In the past, some coking enterprises directly ignited and vented coke oven gas, which not only wasted energy but also emitted pollutants such as carbon monoxide and benzene derivatives due to insufficient combustion. Nowadays, after purification treatment (removing impurities such as tar, naphthalene, hydrogen sulfide, etc.), coke oven gas is sent to power generation units. Each cubic meter of coke oven gas can generate about a certain kilowatt hour of electricity. A medium-sized coking power generation unit can generate tens of millions of kilowatt hours of electricity annually, which can meet a certain proportion of the production electricity demand of coking plants.

　　高爐煤氣在特定焦化聯(lián)合企業(yè)中可作為輔助原料。部分焦化企業(yè)與鋼鐵廠配套建設(shè)，鋼鐵生產(chǎn)中高爐煉鐵產(chǎn)生的高爐煤氣（主要成分為一氧化碳）可與焦?fàn)t煤氣混合使用，調(diào)節(jié)燃?xì)鉄嶂怠８郀t煤氣熱值較低，單獨(dú)作為燃料時發(fā)電效率不高，但與焦?fàn)t煤氣按一定比例混合，可將混合氣體熱值穩(wěn)定在適宜范圍，既提高高爐煤氣的利用率，又降低對焦?fàn)t煤氣的單一依賴。這種混合供氣模式需通過專用的氣體混合裝置，確保兩種氣體均勻混合，避免因熱值波動影響發(fā)電機(jī)組的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行，尤其適合鋼鐵 - 焦化聯(lián)合企業(yè)的能源綜合利用。

　　Blast furnace gas can be used as an auxiliary raw material in specific coking joint ventures. Some coking enterprises are built in conjunction with steel plants, and the blast furnace gas (mainly composed of carbon monoxide) produced by blast furnace ironmaking in steel production can be mixed with coke oven gas to adjust the calorific value of the gas. The calorific value of blast furnace gas is relatively low, and its power generation efficiency is not high when used alone as fuel. However, when mixed with coke oven gas in a certain proportion, the calorific value of the mixed gas can be stabilized within a suitable range, which not only improves the utilization rate of blast furnace gas but also reduces the dependence on coke oven gas alone. This mixed gas supply mode requires a dedicated gas mixing device to ensure uniform mixing of the two gases, avoiding the impact of fluctuations in calorific value on the stable operation of the generator set, especially suitable for the comprehensive energy utilization of steel coking joint enterprises.

　　甲醇馳放氣是焦化產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈延伸中的特色原料。焦化廠常配套建設(shè)甲醇生產(chǎn)裝置，利用焦?fàn)t煤氣中的氫氣、一氧化碳合成甲醇，生產(chǎn)過程中會產(chǎn)生甲醇馳放氣（主要成分為氫氣、甲烷、未反應(yīng)的一氧化碳），其熱值與焦?fàn)t煤氣接近，可直接作為發(fā)電機(jī)組的補(bǔ)充燃料。甲醇馳放氣的回收利用，既減少了合成甲醇過程中的氣體排放，又為發(fā)電機(jī)組提供了穩(wěn)定的原料來源，形成 “焦?fàn)t煤氣制甲醇 - 馳放氣發(fā)電” 的閉環(huán)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。例如，某焦化企業(yè)的甲醇裝置每小時產(chǎn)生一定量馳放氣，引入發(fā)電機(jī)組后，每年可額外發(fā)電約一定千瓦時，進(jìn)一步提升能源利用效率。

　　Methanol purge gas is a characteristic raw material in the extension of the coking industry chain. Coking plants often install methanol production facilities to synthesize methanol from hydrogen and carbon monoxide in coke oven gas. During the production process, methanol release gas (mainly composed of hydrogen, methane, and unreacted carbon monoxide) is produced, which has a calorific value similar to coke oven gas and can be directly used as supplementary fuel for power generation units. The recycling and utilization of methanol release gas not only reduces gas emissions during the synthesis of methanol, but also provides a stable source of raw materials for power generation units, forming a closed-loop industrial chain of "coke oven gas to methanol - release gas power generation". For example, the methanol unit of a certain coking enterprise produces a certain amount of exhaust gas per hour. After introducing the generator set, an additional kilowatt hour of electricity can be generated each year, further improving energy utilization efficiency.

　　原料氣的凈化處理是保障發(fā)電機(jī)組穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的前提。焦?fàn)t煤氣中含有的焦油、萘等雜質(zhì)，若直接進(jìn)入發(fā)電機(jī)組，會附著在發(fā)動機(jī)活塞、閥門等部件上，導(dǎo)致設(shè)備磨損、故障頻發(fā)；硫化氫則會腐蝕管道和發(fā)動機(jī)，燃燒后生成的二氧化硫還會污染環(huán)境。因此，原料氣需經(jīng)過一系列凈化工藝：脫硫裝置將硫化氫濃度降至一定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下；脫萘裝置通過冷卻或吸附去除萘（萘在低溫下易結(jié)晶堵塞管道）；電捕焦油器則分離煤氣中的焦油霧滴，確保氣體清潔度。凈化后的原料氣需進(jìn)行加壓，以滿足發(fā)電機(jī)組的進(jìn)氣壓力要求，同時通過脫水處理防止水分凝結(jié)影響燃燒效率。

　　The purification treatment of raw gas is a prerequisite for ensuring the stable operation of power generation units. If impurities such as tar and naphthalene contained in coke oven gas directly enter the generator set, they will adhere to engine pistons, valves and other components, causing equipment wear and frequent malfunctions; Hydrogen sulfide can corrode pipelines and engines, and the sulfur dioxide generated after combustion can also pollute the environment. Therefore, the raw gas needs to undergo a series of purification processes: the desulfurization device reduces the concentration of hydrogen sulfide to below a certain standard; The naphthalene removal device removes naphthalene through cooling or adsorption (naphthalene is prone to crystallization and blockage of pipelines at low temperatures); The electric tar catcher separates tar droplets from the gas to ensure gas cleanliness. The purified raw gas needs to be pressurized to meet the inlet pressure requirements of the generator set, while dehydration treatment is used to prevent water condensation from affecting combustion efficiency.

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